TABLE 5.

Time-frequency features (mean ± standard deviation) extracted from the three anatomical axes of swallowing signals grouped by the participants’ stroke history and viscosity

		Stroke	Non-Stroke
		${\mathrm{\Theta }}_{X_s}$	${\mathrm{\Theta }}_{X_{ns}}$
Thin	A-P	1.07 ± 0.85	1.09 ± 0.81†
	S-I	1.02 ± 0.74‡	1.19 ± 0.73‡
	M-L	0.53 ± 0.59‡	0.68 ± 0.69†‡
Nectar	A-P	0.73 ± 0.75§	1.01 ± 0.83†
	S-I	0.83 ± 0.70§	1.11 ± 0.77‡
	M-L	0.48 ± 0.52	0.67 ± 0.66†‡
Pudding	A-P	0.62 ± 0.64	0.91 ± 0.75
	S-I	0.67 ± 0.56	0.99 ± 0.75‡
	M-L	0.34 ± 0.31	0.67 ± 0.78‡

Θ_X = Wavelet entropy

^†= Statistical difference between A-P and M-L axes

^‡= Statistical difference between S-I and M-L axes

^§= Statistical difference between A-P and S-I axes

Values were statistically significant when probability is less than 0.05 (p-value < 0.05).