. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Hemodial Int. 2017 Apr 3;21(Suppl 1):S93–S103. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12558

Table 2.

Characteristics of epidemiological studies on IV iron and CV-related events among HD patients

First Author	Study Year	Country	Databases	N	Iron formulation	Exposures	Follow-up	HR (95% CI)	CV risk^f
Kalantar-Zedeh 2005⁵²	2001–2003	US	USRDS and DaVita	58,058	ferric gluconate, iron sucrose, iron dextran	<400 vs 0 mg/month	2 years	200–399: btw 0.5–0.6^e	−
Kalantar-Zedeh 2005⁵²	2001–2003	US	USRDS and DaVita	58,058	ferric gluconate, iron sucrose, iron dextran	≥400 vs 0 mg/month	2 years	≥400: btw 1.1–1.3	+
Kuo 2012⁵⁴	2004–2005	Taiwan	Prospective study at Excelsior Renal Service Co	1,239	ferric chloride hexahydrate	40–800 vs 0 mg/6 months	12 months	1.7 (1.0–2.7)	+
						840–1600 vs 0 mg/6 months		3.5 (1.9–6.1)	+
						1640–2400 vs 0 mg/6 months		5.1 (3.0–9.7)	+
Kshirsagar 2013⁵⁵	2004–2008	US	USRDS and DaVita	117,050	ferric gluconate, iron sucrose, iron dextran	bolus vs maintenance ^a	3 months	1.03 (0.99–1.07)	*
Kshirsagar 2013⁵⁵	2004–2008	US	USRDS and DaVita	117,050	ferric gluconate, iron sucrose, iron dextran	high vs low (> 200 vs ≤ 200 mg/1 month)	3 months	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	*
Miskulin 2014²⁷	2003–2008	US	USRDS and Dialysis Clinic Inc	14,078	all formulations^b	vs >0–150/1 month vs >0–450/3 months vs >0–900/6 months	≤4 years	>350: 0.95 (0.70–1.29) >1050: 1.02 (0.74–1.41) >2100: 1.17 (0.76–1.79)	*
Susantitaphong 2014⁵¹	through Dec 2012	multi-country	24 single-arm studies and 10 parallel-arm RCTs	2,658	Multiple formulations^c	NA	NA	NA	*
Bailie 2015⁵³	2002–2011	12 countries	DOPPS	32,435	Multiple formulations^d	average dose over 4 months (mg/month): 0, 1–99, 100–199 (reference), 200–299, 300–399, 400+	Median (IQR): 1.7 (1.0–2.4) years	increased risks with ≥300; ≥6 vs 1–2 mg/kg per month: 1.35 (1.12–1.62)	+

Note: IV=intravenous; CV=cardiovascular; HD=hemodialysis; US=the United States; USRDS=the United States Renal Data System; IQR=interquartile range; CI=confidence interval; HR=hazard ratio

Bolus dosing: consecutive doses ≥ 100 mg exceeding 600 mg during one month; maintenance: all other iron doses during the month;

No further explanation provided in the article;

Iron sucrose, ferric gluconate, iron dextran, iron saccharate, iron polymaltose, iron oxide, ferrous colloid, ferumoxytol;

Iron sucrose, ferric gluconate, iron dextran, iron saccharate, iron polymaltose, chondroitin sulfate iron complex, cideferron;

Obtained from a figure in the article, the exact estimates were not available;

Symbol representation: + = increased risk; − = decreased risk; * = no difference