. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Hemodial Int. 2017 Apr 3;21(Suppl 1):S93–S103. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12558

Table 3.

Characteristics of recent epidemiological studies on IV iron and infection among HD patients (2013–2016)

Author/Year	Study Year	Country	Databases	N	Population	Exposures	HR (95% CI)	Infection risk^d
Brookhart 2013⁷¹	2004–2008	US	USRDS and DaVita	117,050	HD patients	bolus vs maintenance^a; high vs low (> 200 vs ≤ 200 mg/1 month)	1.08 (1.05–1.11) 1.05 (1.02–1.08)	+
Miskulin 2014²⁷	2003–2008	US	USRDS and Dialysis Clinic Inc.	14,078	HD patients	vs >0–150/1 month vs >0–450/3 months vs >0–900/6 months	>350: 1.26 (0.75–2.12) >1050: 1.69 (0.87–3.28) >2100: 1.59 (0.73–3.46)	*
Kuragano 2014⁷⁷	2007–2009	Japan	multicenter-prospective	1,086	HD patients	cumulative weekly dose (vs no iron)	High: 5.22 (2.25–12.14); low: 1.78 (1.04–3.05)	+
Zitt 2014⁷⁸	2000–2007	Austria	prospective	235	incident HD patients	yes vs no	0.31 (0.09–1.04)^b	−
Bailie 2015⁵³	2002–2011	12 countries	DOPPS	32,435	HD patients	average dose over 4 months (mg/month): 0, 1–99, 100–199 (reference), 200–299, 300–399, 400+	≥300: between 0.9–1.4^c	*
Tangri 2015⁶⁸	2003–2008	US	USRDS and Dialysis Clinic Inc.	9,544	incident HD patients	vs >0–150/1 month vs >0–450/3 months vs >0–900/6 months	>350: 0.91 (0.77–1.09) >1050: 1.08 (0.86–1.36) >2100: 1.26 (0.94–1.69)	*

Note: IV=intravenous; HD=hemodialysis; US=the United States; USRDS=the United States Renal Data System; HR=hazard ratio; CI=confidence interval

Bolus dosing: consecutive doses ≥ 100 mg exceeding 600 mg during one month; maintenance: all other iron doses during the month;

Outcome includes CV-related or sepsis-related mortality;

Obtained from a figure in the article, the exact estimates were not available;

Symbol representation: + = increased risk; − = decreased risk; * = no difference