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. 2017 Jul 19;3(7):e1700425. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700425

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Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4 — Crystal nucleation and growth of NaCl following contact with 400-nm (−)PSL CN at 57 ± 1% RH. Scale bar, 10 μm. (A) Frame 1 shows the aqueous droplet before contact. The droplet was deliberately positioned at the bottom of the frame to capture the crystal growth process as the droplet moved upward because of loss of water mass. Frame 2 shows the droplet ~20 ms after contact. Crystal growth is apparent near the droplet surface (where indicated by the arrow). Frames 3 and 4, ~90 and 180 ms after contact, respectively, show the progressive growth process. At this RH, complete NaCl efflorescence occurs at ~1 s. This particular particle did not stay trapped after contact efflorescence. (B) A fully effloresced NaCl crystal that remained trapped after contact efflorescence. (C and D) Binary contrast images of the particle shown in each frame of (A) and (B).