Table 2.
Description of sample baseline characteristics by ASD diagnoses; adults with and without ASD matched on age, race, and gender (n = 7092).
| ASD
|
No ASD
|
Chisq. Sig. | AOR | 95% CI | Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Col% | N | Col% | |||||
| All | 1772 | 100 | 5320 | 100 | ||||
| Psychiatric comorbidity | 1440 | 81.3 | 2216 | 41.7 | *** | 6.37 | (5.57, 7.28) | *** |
| Adjustment disorders | 58 | 3.3 | 138 | 2.6 | 1.27 | (0.93, 1.74) | ||
| Anxiety | 216 | 12.2 | 299 | 5.6 | *** | 2.34 | (1.95, 2.81) | *** |
| ADD/ADHD | 146 | 8.2 | 37 | 0.7 | *** | 12.89 | (8.94, 18.5) | *** |
| Developmental disorders | 1231 | 69.5 | 270 | 5.1 | *** | 44.60 | (37.9, 52.4) | *** |
| Mood disorders | 256 | 14.4 | 839 | 15.8 | 0.90 | (0.77, 1.05) | ||
| Personality disorders | 44 | 2.5 | 105 | 2.0 | 1.26 | (0.89, 1.81) | ||
| Schizophrenia | 294 | 16.6 | 590 | 11.1 | *** | 1.61 | (1.38, 1.88) | *** |
| Alcohol/substance use disorders | 36 | 2.0 | 948 | 17.8 | *** | 0.09 | (0.07, 0.13) | *** |
| Non-psychiatric comorbidity | 708 | 40.0 | 2429 | 45.7 | *** | 0.79 | (0.71, 0.88) | *** |
| Cancer | 21 | 1.2 | 149 | 2.8 | *** | 0.41 | (0.26, 0.66) | *** |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 223 | 12.6 | 583 | 11.0 | *** | 1.17 | (0.99, 1.38) | |
| Respiratory disorders | 267 | 15.1 | 1010 | 19.0 | *** | 0.76 | (0.65, 0.88) | *** |
| Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disorders | 242 | 13.7 | 897 | 16.9 | ** | 0.77 | (0.66, 0.90) | ** |
| Diabetes | 63 | 3.6 | 250 | 4.7 | * | 0.74 | (0.56, 0.99) | * |
| Musculoskeletal disorders | 216 | 12.2 | 852 | 16.0 | *** | 0.72 | (0.62, 0.85) | *** |
| Other health conditions | ||||||||
| Epilepsy | 403 | 22.7 | 257 | 4.8 | *** | 5.84 | (4.94, 6.91) | *** |
| Headache/migraine | 18 | 1.0 | 176 | 3.3 | *** | 0.30 | (0.18, 0.49) | *** |
| Thyroid | 83 | 4.7 | 71 | 1.3 | *** | 3.66 | (2.65, 5.05) | *** |
| Other endocrine disorders | 192 | 10.8 | 214 | 4.0 | *** | 2.92 | (2.38, 3.57) | *** |
| Nutrition deficiencies | 15 | 0.8 | 42 | 0.8 | 1.07 | (0.59, 1.94) | ||
| Lipid disorders | 84 | 4.7 | 131 | 2.5 | *** | 2.00 | (1.51, 2.65) | *** |
| Fluid and electrolyte dysfunctions | 84 | 4.7 | 168 | 3.2 | *** | 1.53 | (1.17, 2.01) | ** |
| Jaw and teeth disorders | 184 | 10.4 | 155 | 2.9 | *** | 3.87 | (3.10, 4.82) | *** |
| Hematological disorders | 115 | 6.5 | 240 | 4.5 | *** | 1.47 | (1.17, 1.86) | *** |
| Genito-urinary disorders | 168 | 9.5 | 423 | 8.0 | *** | 1.21 | (1.01, 1.46) | * |
| Paralysis | 101 | 5.7 | 157 | 3.0 | *** | 1.99 | (1.54, 2.57) | *** |
| Infections | 381 | 21.5 | 924 | 17.4 | *** | 1.59 | (1.39, 1.83) | *** |
| Skin disorders | 376 | 21.2 | 786 | 14.8 | *** | 2.88 | (2.48, 3.34) | *** |
| Blindness/vision defects | 96 | 5.4 | 197 | 3.7 | ** | 1.49 | (1.16, 1.92) | ** |
| Hearing impairments | 328 | 18.5 | 210 | 3.9 | *** | 5.54 | (4.62, 6.66) | *** |
ASD: autism spectrum disorders; Col%: column percentages. Fischer’s exact tests were run for variables with expected counts of <5. AOR: odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, and race; CI: confidence interval; ADD: attention deficit disorders; ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
Medicaid Analytic eXtract 2000–2008 (IL, NY, and TX).
Based on chi-square and logistic regression estimates for fee-for-service enrolled individuals aged 22–64 years with no Medicare coverage and alive in IL, NY, and TX Medicaid from 2000 to 2008.
Sig.:
***
p < 0.001;
**
0.001 ≤ p < 0.01;
*
0.01 ≤ p < 0.05.