Table 3.
Healthcare utilization and expenditures by ASD diagnoses; mean, medians, and SDs for healthcare utilization and expenditures; adults with and without ASD matched on age, race, and gender (n = 7092).
| ASD
|
No ASD
|
Cohen’s D
|
Sig. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean, median | SD | Mean, median | SD | Effect (95% CI) | ||
| Healthcare utilization (number of visits, claims in follow-up year) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| OT | 32, 12 | 49 | 8, 3 | 17 | 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) | *** |
| IP | 0.30, 0 | 1 | 0.46, 0 | −2 | −0.11 (−0.16, −0.07) | *** |
| Rx | 51, 45 | 38 | 24, 12 | 32 | 0.80 (0.75, 0.85) | *** |
| ER | 1, 0 | 7 | 1, 0 | 3 | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.03) | |
|
| ||||||
| Healthcare expenditures (2008 constant dollars) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| OT | US$4375, US$1092 | US$7836 | US$854, US$187 | US$2751 | 0.77 (0.72, 0.82) | *** |
| IP | US$3258, US$0 | US$14,130 | US$4562, US$0 | US$20,368 | −0.07 (−0.12, −0.02) | * |
| Rx | US$6067, US$4925 | US$5390 | US$3144, US$625 | US$6798 | 0.45 (0.40, 0.50) | *** |
| ER | US$15,929, US$0 | US$38,747 | US$2598, US$0 | US$13,133 | 0.59 (0.55, 0.64) | *** |
| Total | US$13,700, US$9072 | US$17,095 | US$8560, US$1760 | US$22,534 | 0.24 (0.11, 0.29) | *** |
ASD: autism spectrum disorders; CI: confidence interval; Rx: prescription drug; OT: outpatient visits; IP: inpatient hospitalizations; ER: emergency room; SD: standard deviations.
Medicaid Analytic eXtract 2000–2008 (IL, NY, and TX).
Based on t-test estimates for fee-for-service enrolled individuals aged 22–64 years with no Medicare coverage and alive in IL, NY, and TX Medicaid from 2000 to 2008. Total expenditures are sum of OT, IP, and Rx expenditures.
Cohen’s D: standardized mean difference (MeanASD - MeannoASD).
Sig.:
***
p < 0.001;
*
0.01 ≤ p < 0.05.