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. 2017 Jul 19;7:5877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06224-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Raman spectra of M2C1 (a) and M4C1 (b) and the intensity ratios (I _D/I _G) (red) and the defect concentration n_D (blue) of M2C1 and M4C1 corresponding to the heat treatment temperatures (c). XRD patterns of M2C1-G and M4C1-G at room temperature (d).