Table 1.

Description of Medication Nonadherence, Patient‐ and Neighborhood‐Level Enabling/Impeding Factors, Predisposing Factors, and Need (Risk) Factors for 49,176 Commercially Insured Individuals on Statin Therapy during 2009–2011 in Texas State

Variable	Adherent	Nonadherent	p‐value
Enabling/impeding factors
OOP cost for statin medications	$21.8 (18.3)	$23.7 (18.8)	<.001
Count of pharmacies per square mile in ZCTA	0.42 (2.1)	0.38 (1.28)	.01
Predisposing factors
Gender, male=yes	27.1%	29.3%	.002
Age, in years	52.4 (7.9)	49.9 (8.7)	<.001
Rural: Proportion of individuals living in rural ZCTAs	15.9%	15.8%	.796
Proportion living in ZCTAs, where percentage of households getting public assistance	2.42% (2.28)	2.87% (2.72)	<.001
Proportion living in ZCTAs, where percentage of population with less than high school education	18.0% (12.3)	20.5% (13.8)	<.001
Proportion living in ZCTAs, where percentage of population with college or higher education	27.4% (16.9)	24.7% (16.2)	<.001
Proportion living in ZCTAs, where percentage of English‐only speaking population	19.5% (11.7)	20.9% (12.1)	<.001
Racial/ethnic density
Proportion living in Non‐Hispanic white dominated ZCTAs	83.7%	75.6%	<.001
Proportion living in Hispanic dominated ZCTAs	14.2%	21.2%	<.001
Proportion living in African American dominated ZCTAs	2.03%	3.20%	<.001
Proportion of foreign‐born population living in ZCTAs	11.1% (8.8)	12.5% (9.8)	<.001
Average travel‐to‐work time in ZCTAs, in minutes	25.3 (5.8)	25.4 (5.7)	.162
Need/risk factors
Comorbid conditions
Proportion of individuals with diabetes	11.8%	14.4%	<.001
Proportion of individuals with mental disorders	31.6%	32.8%	<.001
Proportion of individuals with cardiovascular disorders	10.3%	12.1%	<.001
Proportion of individuals who visited cardiologist 30 days before starting statin therapy	15.8%	12.1%	<.001
Prior health care utilization: total medical spending 6 months before starting statin therapy			<.001
Low utilizers	28.9%	36.2%	–
Intermediate utilizers	34.8%	37.2%	–
High utilizers	36.2%	37.3%	–