Table 2.
Association of Medication Adherence with Enabling/Impeding Factors, Predisposing Factors and Need(Risk) Factors, Shown as Adjusted Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals
| Explanatory Factors | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|
| Enabling/impeding factors | |
| OOP cost for statin medications | 1.07 (1.057; 1.082) |
| Count of pharmacies per square mile in ZCTA | 1.00 (0.999; 1.000) |
| Predisposing factors | |
| Gender, male=yes | 0.89 (0.854; 0.923) |
| Age, in years | 0.97 (0.963; 0.968) |
| Rural ZCTAs | 1.00 (0.921; 1.088) |
| ZCTAs where percentage households getting public assistance is at | |
| 1st quartile | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 1.08 (1.020; 1.152) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.09 (0.999; 1.199) |
| 4th quartile | 1.10 (0.980; 1.233) |
| ZCTAs where percentage population with less than high school education is at | |
| 1st quartile | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 1.00 (0.914; 1.083) |
| 3rd quartile | 0.94 (0.845; 1.038) |
| 4th quartile | 1.01 (0.877; 1.171) |
| ZCTAs where percentage population with college or higher education is at | |
| 1st quartile | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 0.97 (0.893; 1.058) |
| 3rd quartile | 0.88 (0.790; 0.973) |
| 4th quartile | 0.79 (0.690; 0.901) |
| ZCTAs where percentage of English‐only speaking population is at | |
| 1st quartile | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 0.96 (0.832; 1.118) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.00 (0.847; 1.174) |
| 4th quartile | 0.93 (0.773; 1.118) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non‐Hispanic white dominated ZCTAs | Reference |
| Hispanic dominated ZCTAs | 1.33 (1.140; 1.545) |
| African American dominated ZCTAs | 1.56 (1.364; 1.787) |
| ZCTAs where foreign‐born population density is at | |
| 1st quartile | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 1.06 (0.961; 1.170) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.09 (0.974; 1.226) |
| 4th quartile | 1.20 (1.032; 1.399) |
| ZCTAs where average travel‐to‐work time is at | |
| 1st quartile | Reference |
| 2nd quartile | 1.01 (0.939; 1.094) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.06 (0.980; 1.145) |
| 4th quartile | 1.15 (1.075; 1.233) |
| Need/risk factors | |
| Comorbid conditions | |
| Proportion of patients with diabetes | 1.13 (1.077; 1.182) |
| Proportion of patients with mental disorders | 1.11 (1.059; 1.163) |
| Proportion of patients with cardiovascular disorders | 0.88 (0.842; 0.926) |
| Individuals who visited cardiologist 30 days before starting statin medications | 0.79 (0.743; 0.845) |
| Prior health care utilization: total medical costs 6 months prior to starting statins | |
| Low utilizers | 1.11 (1.043; 1.175) |
| Intermediate utilizers | Reference |
| High utilizers | 1.04 (0.993; 1.087) |
| Constant | 5.71 (4.217; 7.719) |
Values set in bold font are statistically significant (p‐value < .05).