Table 2.
Health related quality of life in adolescents across levels of anxiety symptoms
| Total HRQoL | Physical HRQoL | Emotional HRQoL | Self-esteem HRQoL | Family HRQoL | Friends HRQoL | School HRQoL | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/SD | M/SD | M/SD | M/SD | M/SD | M/SD | M/SD | |||||||||||||||
| Low | Med | High | Low | Med | High | Low | Med | High | Low | Med | High | Low | Med | High | Low | Med | High | Low | Med | High | |
| OCD | 74.2 | 64.2 | 58.5 | 75.6 | 64.2 | 55.5 | 80.8 | 65.4 | 56.4 | 65.5 | 54.2 | 48.1 | 84.1 | 76.7 | 69.9 | 77.6 | 67.9 | 62.9 | 61.4 | 56.7 | 58.0 |
| 9.9 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 12.9 | 17.3 | 15.8 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 18.1 | 13.7 | 15.2 | 16.9 | 13.6 | 15.4 | 15.3 | 9.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | |
| Social | 74.9 | 65.9 | 59.5 | 76.4 | 65.8 | 58.5 | 81.8 | 69.6 | 58.1 | 66.5 | 55.0 | 48.0 | 84.4 | 78.3 | 73.7 | 78.6 | 68.9 | 62.1 | 61.8 | 57.4 | 56.0 |
| 9.5 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 17.5 | 12.0 | 14.5 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 18.1 | 13.6 | 14.7 | 16.3 | 12.9 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 9.1 | |
| Panic/Agora | 75.7 | 66.2 | 58.1 | 77.6 | 64.8 | 55.1 | 82.6 | 69.9 | 56.9 | 67.3 | 56.6 | 44.8 | 85.1 | 77.5 | 71.9 | 78.8 | 69.3 | 64.6 | 61.9 | 58.6 | 55.8 |
| 9.1 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 16.3 | 11.4 | 14.9 | 16.4 | 17.5 | 16.9 | 17.6 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 17.7 | 13.0 | 14.3 | 15.9 | 9.2 | 8.8 | 8.6 | |
| Separation | 74.0 | 65.8 | 60.1 | 75.5 | 64.8 | 57.2 | 80.4 | 69.2 | 57.1 | 65.1 | 56.9 | 51.4 | 83.7 | 77.7 | 75.6 | 77.6 | 68.8 | 63.4 | 61.4 | 57.4 | 56.4 |
| 10.2 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 15.0 | 16.5 | 16.8 | 13.3 | 17.2 | 16.2 | 18.5 | 17.9 | 20.3 | 14.1 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 13.6 | 15.8 | 16.2 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 9.1 | |
| Physical/Inj | 74.8 | 68.3 | 65.6 | 76.7 | 66.9 | 64.1 | 81.0 | 72.7 | 69.9 | 65.8 | 59.7 | 55.5 | 84.4 | 79.0 | 77.9 | 77.9 | 72.6 | 69.7 | 61.9 | 59.1 | 56.4 |
| 9.9 | 10.5 | 12.6 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 18.5 | 13.2 | 15.3 | 18.9 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 19.8 | 13.3 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 16.0 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.1 | |
| GAD | 76.2 | 69.4 | 61.1 | 78.4 | 68.8 | 58.8 | 83.4 | 75.3 | 60.6 | 68.6 | 57.6 | 48.8 | 85.1 | 81.0 | 74.9 | 79.2 | 73.7 | 66.1 | 62 | 59.5 | 57.3 |
| 8.9 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 13.7 | 16.2 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 16.5 | 17.3 | 16.6 | 17.3 | 12.9 | 13.7 | 14.4 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 14.6 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 8.9 | |
| Overall anxiety | 75.4 | 62.8 | 56.4 | 77.1 | 61.8 | 52.9 | 82.5 | 66.8 | 52.4 | 66.8 | 52.4 | 44.5 | 84.8 | 75.7 | 82.9 | 78.8 | 66.0 | 60.6 | 61.8 | 56.9 | 56.2 |
| 9.1 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 16.5 | 11.1 | 17.5 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 17.8 | 17.2 | 13.3 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 12.8 | 14.7 | 15.3 | 9.2 | 8.7 | 8.9 | |
| Effect size | 1.37 | 1.93 | 1.08 | 1.59 | 1.07 | 2.20 | 0.82 | 1.29 | 0.65 | 0.14 | 0.93 | 1.29 | 0.54 | 0.62 | |||||||
| ANOVA | F(21,630) = 334.6* | F(21,654) = 223.4* | F(21,653) = 471.7* | F(21,654) = 125.3* | F(21,651) = 76.1* | F(21,636) = 157.1* | F(21,652) = 36.9* | ||||||||||||||
The Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents Revised Version (KINDL-R) [19] was used to measure health related quality of life (HRQoL). The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, child version, was used to measure anxiety symptoms in various anxiety domains [obsessive compulsive (OCD), social phobia, panic/agoraphobia, separation anxiety, physical injury fears, generalised anxiety (GAD), and the composite overall anxiety]. Australian gender-specific norms used to categorize adolescents as low, medium, or high in anxiety-symptom level at each domain of anxiety. The differences in overall HRQoL between adolescents with low and medium anxiety levels, and between low and high anxiety levels are reported in Cohen’s d. * p < 0.005