Table 2.

Characteristics of the included studies

Authors	Year	Entry criteria of trauma patients	No. of patients			Mean ISS			Rate of VTE
			Total	TXA	No TXA	TXA	No TXA	p value	TXA (%)	No TXA (%)	p value
RCTs
Shakur et al. [14]	2010	Adult trauma patients with, or at risk of, significant bleeding	20,127	10,060	10,067	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	1.7a	2.0a	0.084
Yutthakasemsun et al. [42]	2013	Adult trauma patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale 4 to 12)	238	120	118	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	0	0	–
Observational studies
Morrison et al. [38]	2012	Patients who received at least 1 unit of PRBCs within 24 h of admission following combat-related injury	896	293	603	25.2	22.5	<0.001	2.7	0.3	0.001
Swendsen et al. [41]	2013	Adult trauma patients who met triage criteria for serious injury and at least one of the following: hypotension, massive transfusion guideline activation, or transport directly to the operating room or interventional radiology suite	126	52	74	27.1	20.5	0.02	11.5	0	0.004
Haren et al. [43]	2014	Adult trauma patients with hypercoagulable state defined as Greenfield’s risk assessment profile (RAP) ≥10	121	27	94	31	26	0.117	33	27	0.492
Harvin et al. [44]	2014	Adult trauma patients with hyperfibrinolysis determined by rapid thrombelastography	1032	98	934	29	14	<0.001	6.3	4.4	0.389
Cole et al. [19]	2015	Adult trauma patients with severe injury defined as injury severity score (ISS) >15	385	160	225	33	29	<0.05	5	4	ns
Wafaisade et al. [45]	2016	Trauma patients with/without prehospital TXA administration	516	258	258	24	24	0.46	5.6	8.3	0.58

ISS injury severity score, VTE venous thromboembolism, RCTs randomized controlled trials, TXA tranexaminc acid, N.A. not available, ns not significant

^aThese data indicate the rate of pulmonary embolisms