Table 7.
Effect of electronic entertainment and communication device use during the day and access and use in the bedroom during the hour before sleep on sleep quality and sleep efficiency in grade 5 children
| Good sleep quality | Very good sleep efficiency (≥95%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | aAdjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | aAdjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| TV | ||||
| No access and no use | bRef | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but never used | 1.09 (1.01, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.93 (1.56, 2.39) | 1.45 (1.13, 1.85) |
| Access and frequently used | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) | 0.86 (0.80, 0.94) | 0.58 (0.50, 0.66) | 0.46 (0.39, 0.56) |
| Computer | ||||
| No access and no use | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but never used | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.91) | 0.83 (0.69, 0.98) |
| Access and frequently used | 0.83 (0.75, 0.91) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) | 1.19 (0.98, 1.44) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.18) |
| Tablet | ||||
| No access and no use | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but never used | 0.84 (0.76, 0.93) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.15) | 0.58 (0.48, 0.71) |
| Access and frequently used | 0.87 (0.81, 0.95) | 0.82 (0.76, 0.89) | 0.55 (0.46, 0.65) | 0.49 (0.42, 0.58) |
| Video Games | ||||
| No access and no use | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but never used | 0.86 (0.79, 0.93) | 0.80 (0.74, 0.87) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.89) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.10) |
| Access and frequently used | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.97) | 0.55 (0.48, 0.64) | 0.49 (0.41, 0.59) |
| Cell Phone | ||||
| No access and no use | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but never used | 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) | 0.73 (0.69, 0.80) | 0.84 (0.78, 0.90) | 0.56 (0.49, 0.65) |
| Access and frequently used | 0.67 (0.61, 0.74) | 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.74) | 0.48 (0.41, 0.57) |
| At least one device | ||||
| No access and no use | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but never used | 1.10 (0.99, 1.22) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 1.29 (1.01 1.65) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.37) |
| Access and frequently used | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.95) | 0.59 (0.48, 0.72) | 0.52 (0.42, 0.63) |
| Reading | ||||
| No access and frequent reading | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Access but frequent reading | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.94) | 0.62 (0.52, 0.75) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.80) |
| Access and rarely reading | 0.61 (0.56, 0.67) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.63) | 0.36 (0.29, 0.43) | 0.33 (0.27, 0.40) |
| No access and rarely reading | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.99) | 0.57 (0.44, 0.76) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) |
aAdjusted for gender of the child, household income, region of elementary school, highest level of parental education and total daily exposure to electronic entertainment and communication devices
bReference category