Table 1.

Description of the a priori themes from the initial conceptual framework

Themes/Categories	Descriptions
Organizational base	Organizations instrumental to the movement's creation and collective action (involving organizations, coalitions, leaders or spokespersons, members)
Cause	Agenda of the movement formalized in a framing discourse around a collective discontent
Collective action strategy	General action strategy used by the movement, targets, and level of action (policy, organizations, individuals)
Interpretative frame	In negotiation among movement adherents, collectively constructed frames to define a problematic situation in need of change, to articulate a solution, to raise awareness or motivate others to take action or garner support, and to demobilize antagonists
Opportunities	Structural changes and power shifts (mostly political) that are crucial to a movement's creation, infrastructure building, and resources mobilization
Resources	Tangible and intangible assets used by the movement to carry out its action, brought by organizations and individuals
Policy, social, or cultural changes	Changes achieved as a result of the movement's action, also include new capacities and new possibilities of action for groups and people engaged
Stage 1	Emergence: Beginning of the movement and building of movement's infrastructure in response to a general discontent over an issue
Stage 2	Coalescence: Development of the movement's identity and vision, the movement becomes more organized and strategic
Stage 3	The movement's moment: Implementation of the movement's collective action, the movement shows a high political power and a strong level of organization
Stage 4	Decline or consolidation: The movement fails and dissipates, or achieves its goals and sustains itself