Table 4.

Guideposts for CBPR practice

Stages	Questions
1	What is the pre‐existing health or social problem that is experienced by the community? (e.g., the general health status of the community, a specific health condition or disease, a problematic health behavior, a problematic health determinants or exposure) What are the elements of the context to take into consideration relating to this problem? (Social, political, historical, economical context) Could research be relevant to document this problem at this stage? Who are the parties interested by this problem, who could be the principal partners, and how the partnership could be formalized (structure)? What are the opportunities that could be used to build the partnership? (Internal opportunities: e.g., former relationships or collaboration between the partners) (External opportunities: e.g., funding opportunities)? What are the pre‐existing resources that could be used or acquired by the partners to build the project? (Intangible resources: e.g., expert, technical, professional skills and knowledge, previous experience of the problem, research results, the community and the local context, pre‐existing networks and relationships, credibility of partners, local assets of the community) (Tangible resources: e.g., funding, office, material)
2	What frame and strategy will be used to define the cause, raise awareness, and mobilize partners and community members? o What values are foundational to the partnership or the partnering organizations, the community members? o What are the elements of the context to be taken into consideration? (Social, political, historical, economical context) o Could research results be useful to raise awareness of the cause in the community?
	What is the cause to be addressed by the partnership? What frame and strategy will be used to define the collective action? o What frame has been used to define the cause and to raise awareness? o What values are foundational to the partnership, the partnering organizations, and the community members? o What are the elements of the context to be taken into consideration? (Social, political, historical, economical context) o Could research help in defining a collective action strategy at this stage? o What other partners can be mobilized to help in defining a collective action strategy?
3	What is the stated collective action strategy of the partnership? What actions are relevant to achieve this strategy? At which levels? (Systemic/environmental level: i.e., addressing social, physical, institutional and political, determinants of health, disease, or health condition) (Individual level: i.e., addressing individual determinants of health or health conditions, such as behaviors, knowledge, beliefs) Could research help in defining and implementing alternative action strategies at this stage? What are the elements of the context to be taken into consideration when implementing the collective action? What other partners could be involved in implementing the collective action? How can other partners and community members at large be mobilized by the collective action strategy? How will system changes produced by the partnership's work be assessed?
4	What system changes have been achieved as a result of the partnership's action? 1 (i.e., social changes, physical environment changes, policy changes) Has the partnership's action evolved and continued after the formal end of the partnership? How will sustainability of the partnership's work be ensured after the end of the formal partnership? 1 (i.e., forming a new incorporated organization, incorporating the partnership's activities into partner organizations' program, scaling up the action to other levels of action with different partners, furthering participation of the community partners in similar initiatives at higher levels of action)