Figure 7.

The N_TB phase on length scales beyond the molecule: a) molecular structures of copolymers (n=5, 7 or 9) reported by Ungar et al. that exhibit nematic to nematic transitions (denoted as N–N₂ in the original paper). b), c) Polarised optical micrograph of the coexistence between the isotropic and conical nematic mesophase in flagella SJW1103 at 20 mg mL⁻¹, scale bar is 20 μm; polarised optical micrograph of a macroscopically aligned sample of the conical nematic mesophase in flagella SJW1103 obtained by allowing a coexistent sample to phase separate. d) Fluorescently labelled flagella dissolved within the conical nematic phase of unlabelled flagella. e) The phase diagram of SJW1103 flagella expressed as a function of concentration (wt/vol). f) Illustration of the excluded volume between two helical rods out of phase (left) and in phase (right) with respect to one another. Reprinted Figure with permission from reference 54 copyright 2006 by the American Physical Society.