Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of 142 HIV-positive children and age and sex-matched HIV-negative controls
| Characteristics | Total participants | HIV-positive participants | HIV-negative participants | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| =284 | =142 | =142 | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Mean age in years (95%CI) | 10.7(10.3–11.1) | 10.6(10.1–11.1) | 10.8(10.3–11.3) | 0.64 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 138(48.6) | 69(48.6) | 69(48.6) | |
| Female | 146(51.4) | 73(51.4) | 73(51.4) | 1.0 |
| Socio-economic status | ||||
| Upper | 109(39.2) | 24(16.9) | 85(61.2) | |
| Middle | 79(28.4) | 36(25.4) | 43(30.9) | |
| Lower | 90(32.4) | 82(57.8) | 11(7.9) | <0.001 |
| Second-hand smoking | ||||
| Yes | 28(9.9) | 24(16.9) | 4(2.8) | |
| No | 256(90.1) | 118(83.1) | 138(97.2) | <0.001 |
| Known family history of heart disease | ||||
| Yes | 97(34.2) | 51(35.9) | 46(32.4) | |
| No | 183(64.4) | 87(61.3) | 96(67.6) | |
| Unknown | 4(1.4) | 4(2.8) | 4(2.8) | 0.53 |
| ARV therapy | 140(98.6) | |||
| First-line drugs | 104(72.3) | |||
| NVP+3TC+ZDV | 64(45.1) | |||
| ZDV+3TC+EFV | 34(23.9) | |||
| 3TC+EFV+ABC | 4(2.8) | |||
| NVP+3TC+d4T | 1(0.7) | |||
| NVP+3TC+ABC | 1(0.7) | |||
| Second-line drugs | ||||
| 3TC+ABC+LPV/r | 36(25.4) |
ARV: antiretroviral; ABC: abacavir; d4T: stavudine; EFV: efavirenz; LPV/r: lopinavir/ritonavir; NVP: nevirapine; ZDV: zidovudine; 3TC: lamivudine