Table 1.

Demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Descriptive statistics for heroin dependent patients and healthy controls.^a.

Variables	Addicted	Controls	Total
N	1057	156	1213
Sex Ratio M/F	3.07	1.44	2.74
Age	38.4 ± 10.1	45.8 ± 15.6	39.4 ± 11.2
Marital status	1052	155	1207
% Unmarried	66.8	35.5	60.0
% Ever-Married	33.2	64.5	40.0
Number of children	0.18 ± 0.4	0.56 ± 0.8	0.23 ± 0.5
Educational attainment	1055	155	1210
% No education / Primary	58.5	38.7	55.9
% Lower Secondary	21.8	18.7	21.4
% Secondary / University	19.7	42.6	22.7
Employment	1055	156	1211
% Employed	52.8	84.6	56.9
% Unemployed	47.2	15.4	43.1
Smoking	1052	156	1208
% Smoker	90.0	67.9	87.2
% Non-smoker	10.0	32.1	12.8

^aObservations may vary according to the rate of individual responses to each of the items.