Figure 2.

Intersubject differences in linguistic performance at two years were associated with term equivalent FA of the left and right arcuate fasciculus independently of degree of prematurity. A: Visualization of an infant brain and the reconstructed arcuate fasciculi from left‐frontal; right‐frontal; frontal and top view. The tracts are colored by direction: green for anterior‐posterior; red for left‐right; blue for superior‐inferior. B: Using cross‐validated partial‐least‐square regression, one statistically significant mode of brain‐behavior covariation between PLS FA scores and PLS language scores was identified (r = 0.36; FWE–corrected P‐value = 0.0110). Term equivalent FA of the left and right arcuate fasciculi was associated with individual differences in composite linguistic skills in early childhood. This link was still present even when controlling for degree of premature delivery measured by GA at birth (r = 0.32, FWE–corrected P‐value = 0.0230).