Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Morphol. 2017 May 3;278(8):1105–1113. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20697

Table 1.

Summary of data for heart migration in terrestrial and aquatic species of snakes.

Species Slopea Heart Migration cm HH/10 cm TL Relative Heart Position, % TL Mean ± SE range TL cm G Maxb mm HG Ontogenetic Heart Migrationc G Ontogenyd mm HG G Max Ontogenye mm Hg Mean Arterial Pressuref mm Hg
Aquatic
Acrochordus granulatus 0.45 4.48 45.1 ± 1.47 20.7–76.2 (55.5) 26.57 0.34 0.26 0.60 27
Hydrophis platurus 0.23 2.26 24.75 ± 1.16 26.2–76.5 (50.3) 14.64 2.19 1.69 4.32
Terrestrial
Agkistrodon piscivorus 0.31 3.05 33.32 ± 0.11 31.5–155.3 (123.8) 39.62 6.52 5.04 5.23 32
Arboreal
Pantherophis obsoleta 0.15 1.54 17.48 ± 0.14 53.5–182 (128.5) 24.59 5.89 4.55 4.55 62
a

Slopes of data plots based on overall simple linear regression of HH on TL.

b

Gravitational pressure head of blood above heart in fully vertical, head-up position, for longest adult snake in sample.

c

Headward migration of heart, in cm, from smallest snake in sample to largest snake in sample.

d

Gravitational pressure head of vertical blood column represented by migration of the heart during ontogeny

e

Gravitational pressure head of vertical blood column represented by migration of the heart during ontogeny, standardized to maximum ontogenetic increase of TL equivalent to that of Pantherophis obsoleta (128.5 cm).

f

Mean resting arterial pressure in horizontal position (Lillywhite, 1987)