Table 4. Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of ESRD or 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by quartiles of estimated acid load and stratified by diabetes mellitus.
| No Diabetes | Diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted† | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | |
| NEAPFFQ‡ | ||||
| Q1 (<30.7mEq/d) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (30.7–39.3 mEq/d) | 0.84 (0.61, 1.16) | 0.78 (0.56, 1.09) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.11) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) |
| Q3 (39.4–50.3 mEq/d) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.44) | 0.76 (0.55, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) | 1.00 (0.78, 1.29) |
| Q4 (≥50.4 mEq/d) | 1.17 (0.86, 1.60) | 0.89 (0.64, 1.23) | 0.89 (0.69, 1.13) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.10) |
| Continuous per 10 mEq/d higher | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) |
| P* | 0.36 | 0.61 | 0.88 | 0.82 |
| NEAPUrine‖ | ||||
| Q1 (≤42.2mEq/d) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (42.3–57.9 mEq/d) | 1.45 (1.06, 1.99) | 1.16 (0.84, 1.59) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.11) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.25) |
| Q3 (58.0–76.8 mEq/d) | 1.32 (0.96, 1.81) | 1.03 (0.74, 1.42) | 0.67 (0.54, 0.83) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) |
| Q4 (≥76.9 mEq/d) | 1.68 (1.24, 2.29) | 1.18 (0.86, 1.61) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.18) |
| Continuous per 10 mEq/d higher | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) |
| P* | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.88 |
*
p is for linear trend from a continuous model
†
Models are adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), history of cardiovascular disease, eGFR, albuminuria (log 24-hour urine albumin), 24-hour urine creatinine and body mass index
‡
NEAPFFQ, Net endogenous acid production from dietary questionnaire; n=2,676 individuals with 813 events due to some individuals missing follow up serum creatinine values for evaluation of 50% reduction in eGFR
‖
NEAPUrine, Net endogenous acid production from urine biomarkers; n=3,175 individuals with 1,039 events due to some individuals missing follow up serum creatinine values for evaluation of 50% reduction in eGFR