Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants in the SLIMMER intervention (n=275)a.
| INT (n=139) | CON (n=136) | |
|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics | ||
| Sex (n, %) | ||
| Male | 75 (54) | 69 (51) |
| Female | 64 (46) | 67 (49) |
| Age (years) | 61.1±6.1 | 61.2±6.6 |
| Education level (n, %)b | ||
| Low | 74 (53) | 73 (54) |
| Middle | 39 (28) | 26 (19) |
| High | 26 (19) | 37 (27) |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | ||
| Dutch | 123 (88) | 123 (90) |
| Western non-Dutch | 12 (9) | 9 (7) |
| Non-western non-Dutch | 4 (3) | 4 (3) |
| Family history of diabetes (n, %) | ||
| No | 46 (33) | 57 (42) |
| First degree | 66 (48) | 62 (46) |
| Second degree | 27 (19) | 17 (12) |
| Smoking status (n, %) | ||
| Yes | 21 (15) | 26 (19) |
| Ex-smoker | 86 (62) | 78 (57) |
| No, never | 32 (23) | 32 (24) |
| Clinical and metabolic risk factors | ||
| Weight (kg) | 89.5±17.0 | 87.8±15.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.2±4.5 | 29.9±4.8 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||
| Male | 109.3±12.2 | 107.4±10.2 |
| Female | 101.0±12.0 | 100.0±12.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol l−1) | 6.6±0.6 | 6.6±0.6 |
| 2-h glucose (mmol l−1)c | 8.2±2.8 | 8.0±2.5 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol l−1) | 87.8±48.2 | 86.0±52.8 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.0±1.1 | 2.0±1.2 |
| HbA1c (% (mmol mol−1)) | 5.8±0.4 (40.3±3.9) | 5.8±0.4 (40.1±4.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 5.5±1.1 | 5.5±1.2 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 1.5±0.4 | 1.4±0.4 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 3.5±1.0 | 3.6±1.0 |
| Triglycerides (mmol l−1) | 1.7±0.9 | 1.6±0.8 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg)c | ||
| Systolic | 133.0±15.5 | 131.0±13.5 |
| Diastolic | 77.5±10.7 | 75.6±8.7 |
| Dietary intake | ||
| Energy intake (kcal per day) | 1986.3±576.1 | 2040.7±634.2 |
| Saturated fat (en%) | 11.8±2.2 | 11.9±2.3 |
| Fibre (g per 1000 kcal) | 11.0±2.6 | 11.1±2.4 |
| Alcohol (en%) | 4.8±5.7 | 4.3±5.2 |
| Fruit intake incl. fruit juices (g per day) | 186.1 ±119.9 | 206.5±140.0 |
| Vegetable intake (g per day) | 149.3±96.6 | 137.8±84.7 |
| Fibre intake from total bread intake (%) | 5.6±1.0 | 5.8±1.2 |
| Fat intake from total bread spread intake (%) | 21.0±6.4 | 19.6±6.1 |
| Snack intake (kcal per day) | 278.5±208.2 | 323.0±272.7 |
| Soft drink intake (kcal per day) | 56.3±69.6 | 48.5±60.1 |
| Dutch Healthy Diet index (0–80 scale) | 58.8±9.5 | 58.7±9.0 |
| Physical activity (PA) | ||
| Total PA (min per week) | 2254±1337 | 2306±1232 |
| Light PA (min per week) | 1307±1094 | 1331±970 |
| Moderate PA (min per week) | 593±692 | 559±552 |
| Vigorous PA (min per week) | 354±427 | 417±450 |
| Physical fitness (m)c | 454.0±58.0 | 455.5±57.7 |
| Quality of life | ||
| Physical component score | 50.1±8.2 | 49.8±7.9 |
| Mental component score | 50.1±10.3 | 50.7±8.1 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CON, Control group; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; INT, Intervention group; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PA, physical activity.
a
Data are n (%) or mean±s.d.
b
Education level was based on the highest level of education completed and divided in three categories: low (no, primary or lower secondary school), middle (higher secondary school or intermediate vocational school), and high (higher professional education or university level).
c
2- h glucose INT n=138, CON n=136; systolic blood pressure INT n=138, CON n=135; diastolic blood pressure INT n=138, CON n=135; physical fitness INT n=138, CON n=136.