Table 1. Population characteristics of those participants with and without incident type 2 diabetes at case ascertainment (T0) (1998–2012), stratified by sex.
|
Men |
Women |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2D N=194 | No T2D N=1 164 | T2D N=161 | No T2D N=966 | |
| Age (years), mean (s.d.) | 60.4 (8.8) | 60.5 (8.9) | 61.2 (8.6) | 61.2 (8.7) |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Low (%)a | 104 (54%) | 531 (46%) | 119 (74%) | 630 (65%) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker (%) | 38 (20%) | 217 (19%) | 61 (39%) | 183 (19%) |
| Ex-smoker (%) | 118 (61%) | 651 (56%) | 35 (22%) | 369 (38%) |
| Medication | ||||
| Anti-hypertensive medication (%) | 78 (40%) | 201 (17%) | 86 (54%) | 212 (22%) |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication (%) | 68 (35%) | 139 (12%) | 64 (40%) | 98 (10%) |
| Risk factors and biochemical markers | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (s.d.) | 29.6 (4.3) | 26.6 (3.2) | 30.3 (5.6) | 26.5 (4.4) |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean (s.d.) | 84 (11) | 83 (10) | 80 (9) | 81 (10) |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (s.d.) | 142 (18) | 135 (17) | 135 (19) | 133 (19) |
| TC (mmol l−1), mean (s.d.) | 5.2 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.0) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.9 (1.1) |
| HDLc (mmol l−1), mean (s.d.) | 1.09 (0.31) | 1.24 (0.33) | 1.33 (0.39) | 1.56 (0.39) |
| Random glucose (mmol l−1), mean (s.d.) | 9.5 (3.7) | 5.4 (1.1) | 8.0 (4.3) | 5.2 (0.9) |
| WC (cm), mean (s.d.) | 109 (11) | 100 (9) | 103 (13) | 92 (11) |
| TG (mmol l−1), median (IQR) | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.8 (1.4–2.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| ALT (U l−1), median (IQR) | 22 (17–32) | 18 (14–23) | 19 (15–23) | 15 (12–19) |
| GGT (U l−1), median (IQR) | 36 (25–60) | 26 (20–39) | 25 (17–37) | 17 (13–25) |
| CRP (mg l−1), median (IQR) | 2.1 (1.1–3.9) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 2.2 (1.1–4.6) | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) |
| UA (mmol l−1), mean (s.d.) | 0.34 (0.08) | 0.34 (0.07) | 0.30 (0.07) | 0.27 (0.07) |
| eGFR (ml min−1/1.73 m2), mean (s.d.) | 92 (18) | 89 (16) | 87 (20) | 87 (15) |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; UA, uric acid; WC, waist circumference.
a
Intermediate secondary education or less.