Table 3. Associations of demographic, socio-economic and medical factors with infectious diseases, malnutrition and CRFs.
| Risk factors | N | Infectious diseases | Malnutrition | Cardio-metabolic risk factors | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | Multivariate OR | Crude OR | Multivariate OR | Crude OR | Multivariate OR | ||
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
| Age (per 1 month) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.05) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 94 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 94 | 0.44 (0.24, 0.79) | 0.54 (0.28, 1.02) | 0.60 (0.34, 1.07) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.21) | 1.17 (0.54, 2.56) | 1.06 (0.46, 2.43) |
| Residence | |||||||
| Village | 55 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Agogo | 133 | 0.72 (0.39, 1.36) | 0.61 (0.30, 1.26) | 0.77 (0.41, 1.45) | 0.88 (0.44, 1.76) | 0.80 (0.35, 1.83) | 0.80 (0.33, 1.96) |
| Occupation of the father | |||||||
| Intellectual worker | 45 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Manual worker | 120 | 2.14 (1.05, 4.37) | 1.06 (0.45, 2.50) | 1.77 (0.88, 2.26) | 1.76 (0.77, 4.00) | 1.15 (0.42, 3.12) | 1.39 (0.45, 4.34) |
| Other worker | 17 | 1.40 (0.44, 4.41) | 0.60 (0.15, 2.36) | 1.33 (0.43, 4.10) | 1.33 (0.35, 5.04) | 2.71 (0.70, 10.47) | 2.57 (0.55, 12.12) |
| Unemployed | 6 | 0.40 (0.04, 3.74) | 0.23 (0.02, 2.53) | 1.50 (0.27, 8.28) | 1.77 (0.28, 11.18) | 1.30 (0.13, 13.13) | 1.75 (0.15, 19.84) |
| Occupation of the mother | |||||||
| Intellectual worker | 14 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Manual worker | 162 | 2.27 (0.68, 7.52) | 2.04 (0.54, 7.71) | 1.76 (0.56, 5.47) | 1.33 (0.39, 4.59) | 1.10 (0.23, 5.19) | 1.08 (0.20, 5.79) |
| Other worker | 5 | 3.75 (0.45, 31.62) | 3.32 (0.28, 39.41) | 7.20 (0.62, 83.34) | 5.47 (0.40, 74.69) | 4.00 (0.39, 41.23) | 2.89 (0.21, 39.34) |
| Unemployed | 7 | 0.42 (0.04, 4.66) | 0.22 (0.02, 3.13) | 4.50 (0.63, 32.30) | 5.39 (0.68, 42.51) | 1.00 (0.08, 13.37) | 1.00 (0.07, 14.92) |
| Wealth score | |||||||
| ≥ median (0.55) | 101 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| < median (0.55) | 87 | 2.33 (1.29, 4.19) | 2.60 (1.30, 5.21) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.56) | 0.56 (0.29, 1.12) | 0.74 (0.33, 1.63) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.71) |
| Infectious disease | |||||||
| Negative | 103 | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Positive | 85 | - | - | 2.29 (1.27, 4.12) | 2.26 (1.18, 4.33) | 0.66 (0.29, 1.47) | 0.68 (0.29, 1.64) |
| Malnutrition | |||||||
| Negative | 94 | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference |
| Positive | 94 | 2.29 (1.27, 4.12) | 2.27 (1.18, 4.34) | - | - | 0.73 (0.33, 1.60) | 0.67 (0.29, 1.58) |
| Metabolic condition | |||||||
| Negative | 158 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| Positive | 30 | 0.66 (0.29, 1.47) | 0.69 (0.28, 1.69) | 0.73 (0.33, 1.60) | 0.67 (0.29, 1.59) | - | - |
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression; multivariate models include all other variables. Infectious diseases comprise malarial infection plus diagnoses of and symptoms compatible with another infectious disease; malnutrition comprises underweight, stunting, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency; cardio-metabolic risk factors comprise overweight, obesity, impaired fasting glucose and hypertension.