Fig 4. Effects of HMGB1 on migration, invasion, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in lung cancer cells.

Overexpression or silencing of HMGB1 was performed in A459 cells for 48h and then the metastatic and invasive abilities of the cells were measured by migration assay (A and B) and invasion assay (C), respectively. Cytoskeletal actin reorganization and cell adhesion dynamics were measured by immunocytochemical staining (D) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (E)*p<0.05 as compared to the control group. α-Tubulin was used as a loading control.