Table 2.

Model of the longitudinal decline in MMSE and other clinical tests using both sets of factors in participants with MCI

Parameters	Diff. MMSE (β p-value)	Diff. ADAS-Cog 13 (β p-value)	Diff. CDR-SB (β p-value)
Age (baseline)	0.15; 0.1728	0.03; 0.7905	−0.17; 0.0909
Time between scans	0.00; 0.9753	−0.02; 0.8235	−0.00; 0.9920
Sex (female)	−0.10; 0.2353	−0.08; 0.3238	−0.04; 0.6238
Education	0.14; 0.1105	−0.10; 0.2001	0.00; 0.9904
APOE ε4 (1 allele)	−0.08; 0.5334	0.12; 0.3677	−0.06; 0.5992
APOE ε4 (2 alleles)	−0.08; 0.6726	0.09; 0.6171	0.32; 0.0715
AVF (baseline)	0.12; 0.3324	0.12; 0.2749	−0.09; 0.4031
AVF (difference)	***0.58; 0.0001	***−0.56; 0.0001	***−0.48; 0.0001
NDF (baseline)	*0.21; 0.0259	0.05; 0.5403	−0.05; 0.5897
NDF (difference)	*0.22; 0.0186	***−0.41; 0.0001	***−0.36; 0.0001
Cognition (baseline)	**−0.26; 0.0026	**−0.21; 0.0064	−0.13; 0.0890

All continuous variables were standardized prior to applying the model for easier comparison of parameter estimates (β). Significant associations with p < 0.05 are bolded (*, ** and *** for p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively). Cognition at baseline represents the score on the test being modeled at baseline. Difference defined as value at follow-up minus value at baseline. (MMSE: Mini-Mental State Exam; ADAS-Cog 13: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale; CDR-SB: Clinical Dementia Rating – Sum of Boxes; AVF: age- and vascular-related factor; NDF: neurodegenerative factor).