Table 1.

Description and reliability scores of scales used

Variable	Scale	Description		Cronbach’s α
		Items, n	Score
Anxiety and depression	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	14: 7 depression, 7 anxiety	0–21 for each subscale (higher scores indicate higher severity of anxiety and depression)	0.80 (anxiety) 0.70 (depression) 0.83 (overall)
Alcohol problems	Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test	10	0–40 (higher scores indicate higher levels of excessive or harmful drinking)	0.79
Substance use	Drug Abuse Screening Test	10	0–10 (higher scores indicate higher levels of abuse of substances other than alcohol)	0.67
Social functioning	Social Functioning Questionnaire	8	0–24 (higher scores indicate greater social dysfunction)	0.72
Post-traumatic distress	Impact of Events Scale	15: 7 on intrusion, 8 on avoidance symptoms	0–75 (higher scores indicate greater severity of post-traumatic symptoms)	0.89 (intrusion) 0.84 (avoidance) 0.92 (overall)
Social support	Crisis Support Scale	6	6–42 (higher scores indicate higher social support)	0.76
Positive and negative changes in outlook	Changes in Outlook Questionnaire	10: 5 on positive change, 5 on negative change	5–30 for each subscale (higher scores indicate respective greater positive and negative changes)	0.78 (negative) 0.87 (positive)