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Preoperative Demographics
| Age (years) | 67 ± 10 |
| Male gender (%) | 27/47 (57%) |
| AF duration (years) | 5.6 ± 8.4 |
| Paroxysmal AF (%) | 18/47 (38%) |
| Persistent AF (%) | 19/47 (40%) |
| Longstanding Persist (%) | 10/47 (21%) |
| NYHA class III or IV (%) | 10/47 (21%) |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 7% |
| Failed catheter ablation (%) | 13/47 (28%) |
| LA diameter (cm) | 5 ± 0.9 |
AF = Atrial fibrillation, LVEF = Left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA = New York Heart Association
