Table 1. Comparison of the clinical characteristics between eyes with and without parafoveal scotoma in early myopic normal tension glaucoma.
| Variables | All (n=99) | With parafoveal scotoma (n=42) | Without parafoveal scotoma (n=57) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, y | 38.88±9.91 | 38.79±9.99 | 38.95±9.93 | 0.937 |
| Male, n (%) | 57 (57.58) | 28 (66.67) | 29 (50.88) | 0.116 |
| Systemic factors | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (6.06) | 3 (7.14) | 3 (5.26) | 0.696 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 3 (3.03) | 0 (0) | 3 (5.26) | 0.260 |
| Cold hands/feet, n (%) | 8 (8.08) | 3 (7.14) | 5 (8.77) | 0.769 |
| Migraine, n(%) | 3 (3.03) | 1 (2.38) | 2 (3.51) | 0.746 |
| Family history, n (%) | 3 (3.03) | 3 (7.14) | 0 (0) | 0.073 |
| SE refractive error, D | −6.07±2.83 | −6.16±2.83 | −6.00±2.85 | 0.777 |
| High myopia, n (%) | 45 (45.45) | 21 (50) | 24 (42.11) | 0.541 |
| Axial length, mm | 26.29±1.20 | 26.41±1.33 | 26.21±1.11 | 0.554 |
| Central corneal thickness, μm | 542.21±36.19 | 537.53±38.07 | 545.57±34.75 | 0.299 |
| Baseline IOP, mm Hg | 17.49±2.27 | 17.48±2.05 | 17.51±2.44 | 0.944 |
| Optic disc characteristics | ||||
| Disc area, mm2 | 1.91±0.47 | 1.88±0.47 | 1.93±0.48 | 0.627 |
| Vertical CDR | 0.72±0.14 | 0.75±0.10 | 0.70±0.15 | 0.087 |
| Tilt ratio | 1.38±0.21 | 1.45±0.23 | 1.32±0.17 | 0.002 |
| Tilted disc, n (%) | 67 (67.68) | 31 (73.81) | 36 (63.16) | 0.263 |
| Rotation degree, ° | 1.75±19.59 | 4.02±18.27 | 0.07±20.50 | 0.324 |
| Significant optic disc rotation, n (%) | 49 (49.49) | 13 (30.95) | 36 (63.16) | 0.002 |
| Inferior rotation, n (%) | 56 (56.57) | 31 (73.81) | 25 (43.86) | 0.003 |
| β-zone PPA, n (%) | 73 (73.74) | 36 (85.71) | 37 (64.91) | 0.020 |
| Optic disc hemorrhage, n (%) | 10 (10.10) | 6 (14.29) | 4 (7.02) | 0.316 |
| OCT measurement, μm | ||||
| Average pRNFL thickness | 73.82±10.48 | 71.81±10.69 | 75.30±10.15 | 0.102 |
| Superior pRNFL thickness | 88.37±16.78 | 88.50±16.78 | 88.28±16.92 | 0.949 |
| Inferior pRNFL thickness | 80.21±19.03 | 77.02±15.94 | 82.56±20.85 | 0.153 |
| Average mGCIPL thickness | 69.25±8.26 | 66.55±8.98 | 71.25±7.12 | 0.005 |
| Minimum mGCIPL thickness | 59.98±10.08 | 55.48±8.73 | 63.30±9.78 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CDR=cup-to-disc ratio; D, diopters; IOP, intraocular pressure; mGCIPL, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer; OCT, optical coherence tomography; PPA, parapapillary atrophy; pRNFL, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer; SE, spherical equivalent.
a
P-value for comparisons between the eyes with and without parafoveal scotoma groups using independent t-test, X2-test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.