Table 3. ORs (95% CIs) of myopia in relation to urinary cotinine level in Korean adolescents.
| Myopia <–0.5 D | Myopia <–3.0 D | Myopia <–6.0 D | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | |||
| T1 | 1.94 (1.17–3.2) | 1.91 (1.22–2.99) | 1.91 (1.01–3.58) |
| T2 | 1.67 (0.99–2.84) | 1.57 (1.05–2.36) | 1.29 (0.67–2.48) |
| T3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| P for trend | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.046 |
| Model 2b | |||
| T1 | 1.93 (1.18–3.17) | 1.94 (1.24–3.04) | 2 (1.04–3.82) |
| T2 | 1.68 (0.99–2.85) | 1.59 (1.05–2.39) | 1.33 (0.68–2.59) |
| T3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| P for trend | 0.011 | 0.004 | 0.037 |
| Model 3c | |||
| T1 | 1.95 (1.18–3.21) | 2.03 (1.29–3.2) | 2.2 (1.15–4.23) |
| T2 | 1.8 (1.09–2.98) | 1.71 (1.14–2.57) | 1.34 (0.67–2.67) |
| T3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| P for trend | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.038 |
Abbreviation: D, diopter.
a
Model 1 was unadjusted.
b
Model 2 was adjusted for age and sex.
c
Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, area of residence, parental income level, receipt of basic livelihood security, physical activity, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level.