Table 1.

Results of chi-square and t-tests examining the association between levels of social desirability bias and participant characteristics

		Low social desirability		High social desirability
		n	%	n	%	χ2	p
Gender
	Male	161	53.3	170	58.8	1.82	0.18
	Female	141	46.7	119	41.2
Education
	< 12 years	160	53.0	160	55.4	0.34	0.56
	≥ 12 years	142	47.0	129	44.6
Homeless (past 6 months)
	Yes	72	23.8	67	23.2	0.04	0.85
	No	230	76.2	222	76.8
Unemployment (past 6 months)
	Yes	270	93.4	271	89.7	2.60	0.11
	No	19	6.6	31	10.3
Main sexual partner
	Yes	203	67.2	162	56.1	7.79	0.005
	No	99	32.8	127	43.9
Heroin or cocaine use (past 6 months)
	Yes	229	70.9	210	64.4	3.11	0.08
	No	94	29.1	116	35.6
Subjective health status
Excellent or very good		231	76.5	193	66.8	6.87	0.009
Good, fair, or poor		71	23.5	96	33.2
Emergency room (past 6 months)
	Yes	109	36.1	108	37.4	0.10	0.75
	No	193	63.9	181	62.6
Hospitalization (past 6 months)
	Yes	47	15.6	51	17.6	0.46	0.50
	No	255	84.4	238	82.4
Participated in research studies (past 6 months)
	Yes	35	11.6	35	12.1	0.04	0.85
	No	267	88.4	254	87.9
	n	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	p
Sum of CES-D scores a	591	20.75	12.97	17.29	11.53	3.42	0.001
Drug user stigma	410	48.38	11.72	44.67	11.51	3.23	0.001
Recent drug use (range 0–70)	590	23.19	11.90	19.83	11.29	3.51	< 0.001
AUDIT score	591	6.83	8.63	5.62	7.66	1.81	0.07
Number of social networks	591	6.45	3.42	5.89	3.06	2.11	0.04

^aAdjusted for missing values