TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Infants and Mothers According to Infant Sex, TennCare, 2009 to 2011
| Characteristic | Male Infants (n = 52 146) |
Female Infants (n = 50 549) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Age, mean ± SD, y | 24.1 ± 5.2 | 24.0 ± 5.2 | .04 |
| Education | .77 | ||
| Some high school | 12 739 (24.4) | 12 340 (24.4) | |
| Completed high school | 21 834 (41.9) | 21 269 (42.1) | |
| Any college | 17 573 (33.7) | 16 940 (33.5) | |
| Race | .28 | ||
| White | 35 875 (69.1) | 34 916 (69.4) | |
| African American | 15 369 (29.6) | 14 787 (29.4) | |
| Other | 706 (1.4) | 635 (1.3) | |
| Maternal comorbidities | |||
| Hepatitis C infection | 313 (0.6) | 314 (0.6) | .67 |
| Depression | 1774 (3.4) | 1718 (3.4) | .98 |
| Anxiety disorder | 1188 (2.3) | 1215 (2.4) | .18 |
| Opioid use characteristics | |||
| Any opioid use | 14 481 (27.8) | 14 166 (28.0) | .36 |
| Short-acting opioid | 14 028 (26.9) | 13 680 (27.1) | .19 |
| Long-acting opioid | 88 (0.2) | 78 (0.2) | |
| Maintenance opioid | 365 (0.7) | 408 (0.8) | |
| Oral morphine equivalents, mean ± SD | 1164 ± 5106 | 1247 ± 5526 | .18 |
| Other substance use | |||
| SSRI use in past 30 d | 1336 (2.6) | 1323 (2.6) | .58 |
| Tobacco use | 15 828 (30.4) | 15 514 (30.7) | .24 |
| No. of cigarettes/d | |||
| 1–10 | 9713 (64.5) | 9390 (63.2) | .09 |
| 11–20 | 3528 (23.4) | 3541 (23.8) | |
| 21–40 | 377 (2.5) | 399 (2.7) | |
| >40 | 1447 (9.6) | 1524 (10.3) | |
| Infant characteristics | |||
| Gestational age, mean ± SD, mo | 38.6 ± 2.1 | 38.7 ± 2.1 | <.001 |
| Preterm (<37 wk) | 5678 (10.9) | 5141 (10.2) | <.001 |
| Birth weight, mean ± SD, g | 3235 ± 575 | 3119 ± 543 | <.001 |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 4629 (8.9) | 5402 (10.7) | <.001 |
| Small for gestational age | 9274 (17.8) | 9069 (17.9) | .51 |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.