Effect of AuNPs (2.5 nM AuNRs@NLS and 0.1 nM AuNSs@NLS if not mentioned) on motility and invasion of HEY A8 cells. Cell migration study was performed to determine the effects of both AuNRs@NLS and AuNSs@NLS (a), and AuNRs@BSA (5 nM) and AuNSs@ BSA (0.1 nM) (b) on the HEY A8 cells motility (error bar ± SEM, n = 2). (c) Scratch assay of cells incubated with AuNRs@NLS and AuNSs@ NLS displayed arrested healing/closing of the scratch (representative pictures from 3 repeated experiments). (d) Invasion assay of cells without AuNPs or with AuNRs@NLS and AuNSs@NLS treatment (error bar ± SD, n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.