Table 3. Results of General Linear Models for Parent and Teacher Ratings of Executive Functioning and Child Neurocognitive Measures.
| Baseline | 3 Month | 6 Month | G × T | ηp2 | ||||||
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| Controla | Intvnb | Control | Intvn | Control | Intvn | |||||
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| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | 3 Month | 6 Month | 3 Month | 6 Month | |
| Parent BRIEF-P T | ||||||||||
| Scores | ||||||||||
| Inhibit | 76.7 (9.0) | 71.4 (11.6) | 69.7 (11.2) | 64.6 (12.3) | 66.4 (11.9) | 63.4 (12.3) | F(57) = 0.93 | F(57) = 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Shift | 60.2 (14.6) | 57.0 (14.1) | 57.4 (11.8) | 53.3 (10.2) | 55.9 (10.0) | 52.3 (10.9) | F(57) = 0.78 | F(57) = 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Emotion Regulation | 71.8 (12.7) | 67.2 (10.5) | 63.5 (13.9) | 62.3 (11.7) | 60.7 (13.3) | 57.1 (9.5) | F(57) = 0.32 | F(57) = 0.73 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| Working Memory | 75.4 (11.7) | 73.5 (15.4) | 68.4 (12.7) | 66.7 (13.3) | 65.4 (12.7) | 65.2 (14.3) | F(57) = 0.95 | F(57) = 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Plan/Organize | 70.4 (10.0) | 69.9 (13.2) | 64.4 (13.8) | 64.0 (12.1) | 63.8 (13.6) | 61.7 (16.0) | F(57) = 0.94 | F(57) = 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Teacher BRIEF-P T | ||||||||||
| Scores | ||||||||||
| Inhibit | 73.9 (14.6) | 67.6 (14.8) | 70.2 (11.4) | 64.1 (13.1) | 66.4 (12.1) | 62.6 (13.2) | F(57) = 0.94 | F(57) = 0.47 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Shift | 60.0 (12.6) | 58.1 (13.7) | 58.8 (12.8) | 56.1 (11.4) | 56.1 (12.8) | 54.4 (11.1) | F(57) = 0.80 | F(57) = 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Emotion Regulation | 64.2 (16.0) | 63.2 (16.4) | 62.6 (13.2) | 61.3 (13.4) | 62.3 (14.1) | 60.0 (13.4) | F(57) = 0.92 | F(57) = 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Working Memory | 71.1 (13.8) | 67.4 (13.1) | 69.8 (11.4) | 62.9 (11.2) | 68.2 (12.2) | 61.8 (13.9) | F(57) = 0.37 | F(57) = 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Plan/Organize | 71.0 (12.5) | 66.0 (14.7) | 68.1 (11.3) | 64 (11.7) | 65.8 (11.1) | 60.4 (14.1) | F(57) = 0.81 | F(57) = 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Neurocognitive Tasks— | ||||||||||
| Subscale Scores | ||||||||||
| CELF CFD | 8.8 (3.7) | 9.0 (3.5) | 9.6 (3.6) | 9.6 (3.5) | 9.8 (3.1) | 8.8 (3.5) | F(57) = 0.08 | F(57) = 1.89 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| NEPSY Visual Attention | 10.8 (2.4) | 10.6 (2.9) | 10.1 (3.2) | 10.3 (2.8) | 11.0 (2.6) | 10.4 (2.8) | F(57) = 0.24 | F(57) = 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Note: Intvn = intervention group; G × T = Group by Time; BRIEF-P = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Preschool T Scores; CELF CFD = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Concepts and Following Directions.
a
n = 25.
b
n = 34.