Fig. 5.

Phenotype of transgenic seeds and complementation test of the sug-h mutation. a Grain morphologies of wild-type rice (Dongjin), sug-1, sug-h, and transgenic seeds. Bar = 2 mm. b Comparison of grain thickness in F₂ seeds derived from OsBEIIa-RNAi-4/sug-h. Different letters denote significant differences. Replicate samples were measured 20 times. c Relative expression level of OsBEIIa in each F₂ plant derived from I-type seeds using qRT-PCR. The sug-h mutant was used as a control. Error bars represent SD for three technical experiments. Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared with the control, as determined by Student’s t-test (***P < 0.001). d Relative expression level of OsBEIIa in each F₂ plant derived from II-type seeds by qRT-PCR. Error bars represent SD for three technical experiments. Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared with the control, as determined by Student’s t-test (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). e Comparison of grain thickness in three lines of 35S::OsBEIIa and sug-h mutant seeds. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test (***P < 0.001). Replicate samples were measured 20 times. f qRT-PCR analysis showed increased OsBEIIa expression in 35S::OsBEIIa-11 T₁ plants. Error bars represent SD for three technical experiments. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t-test (***P < 0.001)