Table 5.
Association between sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors for prevalent low-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.
| Variable | Total n | Prevalent low-risk HPV |
Prevalent high-risk HPV |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
| Age, years | |||||||
| <30 | 127 | 29 (23) | 1.28 (0.73–2.24) | 0.38 | 27 (21) | 1.31 (0.73–2.34) | 0.35 |
| 30 to <45 | 659 | 119 (18) | 0.95 (0.62–1.46) | 0.83 | 124 (19) | 1.12 (0.72–1.74) | 0.59 |
| ≥45 | 176 | 33 (19) | Ref (1.00) | 30 (17) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||||
| Normal weight | 303 | 67 (22) | 1.38 (0.91–2.09) | 0.12 | 69 (23) | 1.73 (1.13–2.65) | 0.01 |
| Overweight | 324 | 49 (15) | 0.86 (0.56–1.34) | 0.52 | 59 (18) | 1.30 (0.84–2.02) | 0.22 |
| Obese, ≥30 | 282 | 48 (17) | Ref (1.00) | 41 (15) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 647 | 114 (18) | 0.79 (0.56–1.10) | 0.17 | 115 (18) | 0.81 (0.58–1.14) | 0.23 |
| Not married | 315 | 67 (21) | Ref (1.00) | 66 (21) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Education, years completed | |||||||
| ≤6 years | 104 | 17 (16) | 1.11 (0.59–2.07) | 0.74 | 26 (25) | 1.50 (0.87–2.60) | 0.14 |
| 7–12 | 602 | 125 (21) | 1.48 (1.00–2.21) | 0.04 | 109 (18) | 1.00 (0.68–1.46) | 1.00 |
| >12 | 254 | 38 (15) | Ref (1.00) | 46 (18) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Socioeconomic status | |||||||
| Low | 375 | 82 (22) | 1.82 (1.13–2.92) | 0.01 | 87 (23) | 1.96 (1.23–3.15) | <0.01 |
| Middle | 384 | 72 (19) | 1.50 (0.93–2.42) | 0.09 | 67 (17) | 1.37 (0.85–2.23) | 0.19 |
| High | 203 | 27 (13) | Ref (1.00) | 27 (13) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Age at sexual initiation, years | |||||||
| ≤19 | 441 | 88 (20) | 1.05 (0.69–1.58) | 0.81 | 86 (21) | 1.31 (0.85–2.03) | 0.21 |
| 19–22 | 287 | 46 (16) | 0.80 (0.50–1.27) | 0.35 | 59 (21) | 1.40 (0.88–2.24) | 0.14 |
| >22 | 219 | 42 (19) | Ref (1.00) | 34 (16) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Total lifetime sex partners | |||||||
| 1 | 249 | 45 (18) | 1.04 (0.65–1.69) | 0.84 | 34 (14) | 0.64 (0.39–1.05) | 0.08 |
| 2–4 | 496 | 97 (20) | 1.15 (0.76–1.75) | 0.49 | 104 (21) | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) | 0.70 |
| ≥5 | 213 | 37 (17) | Ref (1.00) | 42 (20) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Douche | |||||||
| Yes | 606 | 116 (19) | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) | 0.75 | 119 (20) | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) | 0.40 |
| No | 355 | 65 (18) | Ref (1.00) | 62 (17) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| Vaginal pH | |||||||
| <4.5 | 73 | 10 (14) | 0.69 (0.34–1.38) | 0.29 | 9 (12) | 0.61 (0.29–1.26) | 0.18 |
| 4.5 to <5.5 | 68 | 18 (26) | 1.57 (0.89–2.77) | 0.11 | 19 (28) | 1.69 (0.96–2.95) | 0.06 |
| ≥5.5 | 821 | 153 (19) | Ref (1.00) | 153 (19) | Ref (1.00) | ||
| HIV status | |||||||
| Yes | 427 | 109 (26) | 2.20 (1.58–3.06) | <0.01 | 124 (29) | 3.43 (2.43–4.86) | <0.01 |
| No | 535 | 72 (13) | Ref (1.00) | 57 (11) | Ref (1.00) | ||