(A) The number of anxiety behaviors during the 11-month behavioral assessment increased with exposure to maternal high-fat diet (HFD) during perinatal development (F1,67 = 12.098, p = 0.001) and was affected by an interaction between maternal and postweaning diet (F1,67 = 4.662, p = 0.034). The HFD/CTR group performed more anxiety behaviors than CTR/CTR animals (F1,67 = 21.276, p = 0.000018). (B) Controlling for offspring weight, the amount of time spent performing anxiety behaviors increased with maternal HFD exposure (F1,65 = 4.498, p = 0.038). (C) The amount of time engaging in anxiety behaviors was associated with offspring body weight; offspring with lower body weight spent more time engaged in anxiety behaviors (F1,65 = 5.819, p = 0.019). Data shown as mean ± SEM. A black * denotes maternal diet effect, p < 0.05. A blue * denotes a maternal diet effect when controlling for postweaning diet. Magenta lines denote significant overall covariance, p < 0.05. Sample sizes are as follows: CTR/CTR n = 21 (n = 10 males; n = 11 females), CTR/HFD n = 12 (n = 8 males; n = 4 females), HFD/CTR n = 23 (n = 12 males; n = 11 females), and HFD/HFD n = 18 (n = 8 males; n = 10 females).