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. 2017 Jul 21;8:164. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00164

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Copyright © 2017 Thompson, Valleau, Barling, Franco, DeCapo, Bagley and Sullivan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The amount of time interacting with novel objects introduced during the behavior test decreased with postweaning high-fat diet (HFD) exposure (F_1,67 = 4.874, p = 0.031). (B) There was an interaction between postweaning diet and gender (F_1,67 = 13.613, p = 0.000425) with postweaning HFD males interacting less with the novel objects compared to CTR males (F_1,67 = 19.213, p = 0.000042) and compared to HFD females (F_1,67 = 14.862, p = 0.000262). (C) Postweaning HFD exposure decreased the number of interactions with novel objects (F_1,66 = 5.340, p = 0.024). (D) Total time spent exploring the cage was reduced in postweaning HFD offspring (F_1,67 = 6.639, p = 0.012). (E) Percent duration of oral exploration of the cage increased with maternal HFD exposure (F_1,67 = 5.300, p = 0.024) and decreased with postweaning HFD exposure (F_1,67 = 6.915, p = 0.011). (F) Total number of oral explore behaviors likewise increased with maternal HFD exposure (F_1,67 = 4.350, p = 0.041) and decreased with postweaning HFD exposure (F_1,67 = 4.415, p = 0.039). Data shown as mean ± SEM. * denotes maternal diet effect, ^# denotes a postweaning diet effect, and ° denotes a gender difference. p < 0.05. Sample sizes are as follows: CTR/CTR n = 21 (n = 10 males; n = 11 females), CTR/HFD n = 12 (n = 8 males; n = 4 females), HFD/CTR n = 24 (n = 12 males; n = 12 females), and HFD/HFD n = 18 (n = 8 males; n = 10 females).