. 2017 Jul 21;8:164. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00164

Table 3.

Definition of behaviors used in the coding of the 11-month behavioral assessment.

Composite behaviors			Behavior	Definition	Occurrence in subjects (%)
			Locomotion	To move from one location to another, including shifting entire body (typically going from sitting to standing or vice versa) without taking a full step in any direction	100.0
			Jump^a	To leap or jump as part of locomotion, with no limbs touching the cage	61.3
Active	Anxiety	Active anxiety	Stereotypy^b	Abnormal pattern of movement repeated at least three consecutive times (examples include pacing, flipping, and twirling). If at least three repetitions occur, stereotypy begins with the start of the first repetition and ends when the pattern is broken	24.0
			Abnormal movement	Abnormal repetitive movement (flipping, rolling, jumping in place, pacing, rapid backing up, etc.) that cannot be considered stereotypy either due to brief breaks in the pattern or only two repetitions	34.7
			Other active anxiety^b	Instances of atypical movement, commonly ritualized with continued recurrence throughout multiple periods of test. Often presented as single iterations of common stereotypic behavior (rock, jump/bounce, spin) or directed, forceful contact with side of cage, without being self-injurous	25.3
			Roll	Inversion of body into atypical position with persistent movement, often resulting in a roll onto cage floor	18.7
			Cage bite^b	Forcefully and aggressively bite the cage in a non-exploratory manner	41.3
			Cage shake^a^,^b	Grasp and shake the bars of the cage	14.7
			Escape	Forcefully attempting to push body through the cage, typically the feed slot or cage corner	22.7
			Abnormal vocalization^c	Six or more vocalizations in immediate succession, beginning at first vocalization and ending when vocalization ceases even for a brief pause	4.0
			Teeth grind^b	Clenching and grinding of teeth to produce an audible clicking/grinding sound	38.7
		Inactive anxiety	Freeze^d	Suddenly stop all movement (often mid-stride) for three or more seconds. Typically in response to a threatening stimuli, such as the stranger. Ends with any change in body position, including minor head movement	89.3
Inactive			Shake^a^,^b	Rapidly shake full body as if to remove water particles (resembles a wet dog shake)	16.0
			Scratch^a^,^b	Use fingers or toes to scratch own body	6.7
			Yawn^a^,^b	Opening the mouth widely. Can be differentiated from open mouth threats by a lack of eye contact with another subject	0.0
			Fear grimace^a^,^b	Draw back lips to display clenched or slightly parted teeth	1.3
			Abnormal posture^b	Maintain an atypical body position for three or more seconds. Most typically seen as hyperextension of the head while sitting, standing, or hanging	28.0
			Lay down	To be laying on one’s side or back for two or more seconds	10.7
			Sleep	Stationary with eyes fully closed for three or more seconds, seemingly asleep	2.7
			Other abnormal^b	Abnormal behavior that is not otherwise listed. Examples include self biting, self hitting, hair pulling, eye poking, and floating limb	1.3
			Self comfort^b	Group of behaviors including mouthing/sucking own digits or wrapping arms around torso and embracing/clasping self. Usually occurs with cessation of other behaviors and marked introversion	0.0
			Self groom^b	Pick through or lick own fur/skin or biting own nails. May include placing debris from coat into mouth	28.0
			Crouch^b	Lowering entire ventral surface to the floor of the cage for three or more seconds, typically in response to a stimulus	33.3
			Stationary	To be still and not changing location for two or more seconds, and not engaging in any other primary behavior	100.0
			Vocalization^a^,^b	Bark, chirp, coo, grunt, and shriek	32.0
			Explore^b	Purposefully interacting with cage using mouth or hands	98.7
			Interact with objects	Intentional physical contact with an object, using hands, feet, or mouth, including eating	96.0
			Vigilant	Keeping the stranger or toy within direct or peripheral vision	100.0

^aDenotes point events (behavioral events of no quantifiable duration) not included in percent duration analyses.

^bWinnicker et al. (30).

^cGorman (31).

^dColeman and Pierre (32).

Freeze was excluded from Inactive composite because characterization of type of inactivity was always simultaneously coded (stationary, hang, crouch).