Table 1.
Mineral compositions (wt%) of different subsamples taken from different spatial positions of the inactive sulfide chimney and an active young sulfate chimney.
| Spatial positions of subsamples | No. of chimneys | Subsamples∗ | Sphalerite | Wurtzite | Pyrite | Marcasite | Chalcopyrite | CuS | Barite | Anhydrite | Gypsum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exterior walls | Milli-Q S10 | JDF1 | Mainly composed of amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides such as ferrihydrites with minor barite, marcasite, pyrite, and sufur. | ||||||||
| JDF2 | 55.5 | 15.0 | 17.9 | nd | nd | 11.1 | minor | nd | nd | ||
| JDF3 | 32.8 | 10.0 | 19.7 | 19.2 | nd | 8.2 | 10.1 | nd | nd | ||
| JDF7 | 46.0 | nd | 22.7 | 24.0 | nd | nd | 7.3 | nd | nd | ||
| JDF10 | 48.1 | nd | 15.3 | 29.3 | nd | nd | 7.4 | nd | nd | ||
| Milli-Q S10-4 | JDF15 | 57 | 5.7 | 16.4 | 7.5 | nd | 6.7 | 6.6 | nd | nd | |
| CAP | JDF13 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 95.0 | 5.0 | |
| Middle layers | Milli-Q S10 | JDF4 | 67.9 | 7.0 | 20.0 | nd | nd | 5.1 | 2.7 | nd | nd |
| JDF8 | 49.6 | 4.3 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 3.0 | nd | 4.9 | nd | nd | ||
| JDF9 | 42.2 | minor | 14.3 | 29.7 | nd | nd | 13.7 | nd | nd | ||
| JDF11 | 87.1 | nd | 12.9 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | ||
| JDF5 | Identified as microbial mats and no XRD analysis was determined because of its low masses | ||||||||||
| Milli-Q S10-4 | JDF16 | 77.7 | nd | 22.3 | nd | nd | nd | minor | nd | nd | |
| CAP | JDF14 | nd | 1.2 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 92.5 | 6.3 | |
| Inner parts | Milli-Q S10 | JDF6 | 34.5 | nd | 33.0 | 7.3 | 22.1 | nd | 3.1 | nd | nd |
| JDF12 | 59.8 | 3.9 | 32.5 | nd | 0.7 | nd | minor | nd | nd | ||
| Milli-Q S10-4 | JDF17 | 82.6 | 17.3 | nd | nd | nd | minor | nd | nd | ||
∗‘nd’ means not detected; ‘minor’ means mineral compositions are <1%.