Table 1.
Mean mortality (% ± SE) of 2nd instar larvae of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus treated with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were used each @ 1 × 106 conidia ml−1 and H. bacteriophora was applied @ 100 IJs ml−1 (Bb: Beauveria bassiana, Ma: Metarhizium anisopliae, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, IJs: Infective juveniles).
| Treatments | Intervalsa | Weekb | Observed mortality | Expected mortality | Chi Sq. | Type of interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bb | — | 1 | 11.22 | — | — | — |
| — | 2 | 14.28 | — | — | — | |
| — | 3 | 20.40 | — | — | — | |
| Ma | — | 1 | 8.16 | — | — | — |
| — | 2 | 12.24 | — | — | — | |
| — | 3 | 17.34 | — | — | — | |
| EPN | — | 1 | 14.28 | — | — | — |
| — | 2 | 21.42 | — | — | — | |
| — | 3 | 29.59 | — | — | — | |
| Bb + EPN | 0 | 1 | 27.55 | 23.90 | 0.48 | Additive |
| 0 | 2 | 43.87 | 32.65 | 2.87 | Additive | |
| 0 | 3 | 61.22 | 43.96 | 4.86 | Synergistic | |
| Ma + EPN | 0 | 1 | 23.71 | 21.28 | 0.24 | Additive |
| 0 | 2 | 32.98 | 38.21 | 0.82 | Additive | |
| 0 | 3 | 48.45 | 36.94 | 2.73 | Additive | |
| Bb + EPN | 7 | 1 | 32.99 | 26.53 | 1.26 | Additive |
| 7 | 2 | 51.54 | 37.46 | 3.84 | Synergistic | |
| 7 | 3 | 73.19 | 51.86 | 6.21 | Synergistic | |
| Ma + EPN | 7 | 1 | 28.86 | 24.78 | 0.57 | Additive |
| 7 | 2 | 45.36 | 35.05 | 2.33 | Additive | |
| 7 | 3 | 64.94 | 48.27 | 4.28 | Synergistic | |
| Bb + EPN | 14 | 1 | 51.54 | 37.46 | 3.84 | Synergistic |
| 14 | 2 | 69.07 | 51.86 | 4.28 | Synergistic | |
| 14 | 3 | 88.65 | 62.51 | 7.70 | Synergistic | |
| Ma + EPN | 14 | 1 | 44.32 | 35.05 | 1.93 | Additive |
| 14 | 2 | 64.94 | 48.99 | 3.92 | Synergistic | |
| 14 | 3 | 75.25 | 53.95 | 6.02 | Synergistic |
aIntervals between the application of EPFs and EPNs. bWeek after fungal application.