Table 6.

Effect of Beauveria bassiana (1 × 10⁴ spore ml⁻¹), Metarhizium anisopliae (1 × 10⁴ spore ml⁻¹) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (50 IJs ml⁻¹) on the development of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Mean sharing the same letters within each column are not significantly different at 5% level (Bb: Beauveria bassiana, Ma: Metarhizium anisopliae, EPN: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, IJs: Infective Juveniles).

Treatments	Larval duration (days)	Larval weight (g)	Pre-pupal duration (days)	Pre-pupal weight (g)	Pupal duration (days)	Pupal weight (g)	Adult longevity (days)		Adult weight (g)
							Male	Female	Male	Female
Bb	98.16 ± 3.21b	4.01 ± 0.12bc	15.16 ± 0.58bc	4.02 ± 0.20ab	22.94 ± 1.20bc	3.92 ± 0.18abc	39.05 ± 1.54ab	42.83 ± 1.78ab	1.411 ± 0.12ab	1.14 ± 0.11abc
Ma	96.50 ± 3.88bc	4.41 ± 0.15ab	15.94 ± 0.79bc	4.07 ± 0.19ab	23.72 ± 1.36abc	4.11 ± 0.15ab	41.83 ± 1.40a	43.61 ± 1.67a	1.33 ± 0.14ab	1.28 ± 0.15ab
EPN	101.16 ± 3.63ab	3.72 ± 0.12 cd	16.72 ± 0.95abc	3.85 ± 0.14ab	24.16 ± 1.41abc	3.67 ± 0.10bcd	37.16 ± 1.23ab	40.38 ± 1.45ab	1.18 ± 0.1bc	1.05 ± 0.12abc
Bb + EPN	109.27 ± 4.16a	3.08 ± 0.12e	20.16 ± 1.14a	3.07 ± 0.11c	27.61 ± 1.24a	3.21 ± 0.11d	34.94 ± 1.29b	36.50 ± 1.78b	0.84 ± 0.10d	0.78 ± 0.11c
Ma + EPN	104.38 ± 3.32ab	3.27 ± 0.11de	18.50 ± 0.98ab	3.48 ± 0.12bc	25.50 ± 1.41ab	3.43 ± 0.13 cd	36.16 ± 1.17b	38.71 ± 1.68ab	1.01 ± 0.17 cd	0.92 ± 0.16bc
Control	87.05 ± 1.08c	4.87 ± 0.14a	14.38 ± 0.74c	4.17 ± 0.25a	21.27 ± 1.36c	4.24 ± 0.10a	42.83 ± 1.61a	45.27 ± 1.43a	1.56 ± 0.13a	1.37 ± 0.11a
df	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
F	9.92	27.3	6.57	6.94	5.18	11.1	5.55	3.92	12.7	4.26
P	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01