Table 2.
Demographic and psychological factors associated with how well participants guessed the numerical risk estimate for very common, common, uncommon, rare and very rare
| Variable | No. (%) or median (IQR) | Verbal risk descriptors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very common, correct; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Common, underestimated; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Common, overestimated; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Uncommon, underestimated; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Uncommon, overestimated; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Rare, underestimated; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Rare, overestimated; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | Very rare, correct; adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) | ||
| Demographic | |||||||||
| Gendera | |||||||||
| Male | 492 (49.1) | 0.97 (0.71–1.32) | 1.00 (0.61–1.64) | 1.12 (0.78–1.60) | 0.74 (0.52–1.07) | 1.15 (0.86.1.54) | 1.32 (0.79–2.21) | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) | 0.71 (0.48–1.07) |
| Female | 511 (50.9) | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |
| Agea | 41.0 (22.0) | 0.99 (0.97–0.998) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| Ethnicitya | |||||||||
| Ethnic minorities | 107 (10.7) | 0.60 (0.37–0.97) | 0.72 (0.33–1.55) | 0.50 (0.30–0.84) | 0.87 (0.48–1.59) | 0.75 (0.46–1.19) | 0.98 (0.44–2.20) | 0.84 (0.51–1.41) | 1.19 (0.64–2.20) |
| White | 886 (88.3) | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |
| Employmenta | |||||||||
| Not working | 280 (27.9) | 0.98 (0.67–1.39) | 0.81 (0.46–1.41) | 0.83 (0.56–1.24) | 0.89 (0.59–1.34) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.74 (0.40–1.35) | 0.88 (0.61–1.25) | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) |
| Working | 723 (72.1) | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |
| Educationa | |||||||||
| No qualifications | 44 (4.4) | 0.37 (0.19–0.74) | 0.60 (0.19–1.89) | 0.44 (0.21–0.93) | 0.63 (0.25–1.62) | 0.97 (0.47–1.97) | 0.94 (0.18–4.88) | 2.16 (0.91–5.18) | 0.76 (0.25–2.26) |
| School qualifications | 387 (38.6) | 0.84 (0.60–1.16) | 1.49 (0.88–2.52) | 0.98 (0.67–1.44) | 0.94 (0.64–1.37) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 1.13 (0.66–1.94) | 1.20 (0.87–1.68) | 0.70 (0.45–1.08) |
| University degree | 565 (56.3) | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |
| Household illnessa | |||||||||
| Yes—me | 290 (28.9) | 0.88 (0.61–1.26) | 0.82 (0.46–1.47) | 0.87 (0.58–1.30) | 0.91 (0.59–1.38) | 1.25 (0.89–1.77) | 0.96 (0.51–1.80) | 0.98 (0.68–1.41) | 0.89 (0.55–1.43) |
| Yes—someone else | 128 (12.9) | 0.88 (0.51–1.30) | 1.40 (0.66–2.99) | 1.12 (0.63–1.99) | 0.72 (0.40–1.30) | 1.04 (0.67–1.62) | 2.29 (1.13–4.68) | 1.12 (0.67–1.88) | 0.88 (0.47–1.66) |
| No | 571 (56.9) | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |
| Experimental | |||||||||
| Side effect typea | |||||||||
| Mild | 506 (50.4) | 2.16 (1.57–2.96) | 0.54 (0.32–0.92) | 1.81 (1.26–2.58) | 0.57 (0.40–0.83) | 1.32 (0.99–1.77) | 0.75 (0.44–1.28) | 2.02 (1.47–2.76) | 0.59 (0.39–0.88) |
| Severe | 497 (49.6) | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c |
| Psychological | |||||||||
| Optimismb | 19.0 (6.0) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.94 (0.89–0.997) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) |
| PS to medicinesb | 10.0 (6.0) | 0.99 (0.96–1.04) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| BMQ overuseb | 12.0 (4.0) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) |
| BMQ harmb | 10.0 (4.0) | 0.94 (0.89–0.997) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) |
| Healthy anxietyb | 2.0 (0.0) | 1.03 (0.79–1.34) | 0.99 (0.64–1.52) | 1.10 (0.81–1.49) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 1.28 (0.99–1.65) | 1.16 (0.74–1.82) | 1.07 (0.82–1.41) | 0.99 (0.70–1.40) |
| Health illiteracyb | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.76 (0.65–0.89) | 0.96 (0.76–1.22) | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | 1.13 (0.94–1.37) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) |
| PIL reading frequencyb | 4.0 (2.0) | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.83 (0.66–1.03) | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) |
Adjusted odd ratios are presented for those who provided correct estimates for ‘very common’ and ‘very rare’ descriptors and those who over/underestimated ‘common’, ‘uncommon’ and ‘rare’ descriptors in comparison to those who gave correct estimates. For unadjusted odd ratios, see the electronic supplemental material (online resource 1). Variables without a reference category were treated as continuous, and therefore the odds ratios represent the result of a 1-point increase in these variables. Bold values indicate p < 0.05
BMQ Belief about Medicines Questionnaire, CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, PIL patient information leaflet, PS perceived sensitivity
aControlled for each other
bControlled for demographic and experimental variables
cReference category