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. 2017 Jul 20;7:6015. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06471-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Combination of Rb1 and Rd alleviated retinal oxidative stress in bright light-exposed mice. (A) Retinal ROS production was examined by administering DHE to BALB/c mice unexposed to bright light (No light) and bright light-exposed mice treated with vehicle (Vehicle) or combination of Rb1 (65 mg/kg bw) and Rd (22.5 mg/kg bw) (Rb1 + Rb) (n = 4 per group). Cryosections were made from eye cups collected 1 d after illumination. ROS signals reflecting oxidized DHE (in red) and DAPI staining (in blue) were observed using a fluorescence microscope. INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Retinas were isolated from vehicle-treated mice unexposed to bright light (No light) and bright light-exposed mice with the indicate treatment 6 h (Light 6 h) and 1 d (Light 1 d) after bright light exposure. Total RNA was isolated and reverse-transcribed, followed by real-time PCR analyses of the expression of HO-1 (n = 4–6 per group). Relative fold change against that from the mice unexposed to bright light (No light) was presented. The data were expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *Compared to that from No light, p < 0.05; ^#compared to that from Vehicle, p < 0.05.