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. 2017 Jul 20;8:85. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00089-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Current-voltage-frequency characterization of vortex penetration. a Voltage V across the microbridge as a function of current I for various indicated fields. b Voltage across the bridge (blue) and the number of vortex stems n (green) as a function of current at B _a = 2.7 mT. The red dashed lines are linear fits with dV/dI = 13.9 mΩ in the single stem and 25.1 mΩ in double stem regions. The insets show zoomed-in SOT images of single stem and double stem vortex flow. c Vortex penetration rate f per stem vs. current I