Table 2.
Efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of mRCC
| Agent/study | Study phase | Indication | Number of patients | Results | Reference |
| Ipilimumab | Phase II | R/R mRCC | 61 | 1 mg/kg: ORR 5%; 3 mg/kg: ORR 12.5% | 50 |
| Nivolumab | Phase I/II | R/R mRCC | 33 | ORR 27% | 52 |
| Nivolumab | Phase II | R/R mRCC | 168 | ORR: cohort A 20%; cohort B 22%, cohort C 20%, medOS: A 18.2 months, B 25.5 months, C 24.7 months | 53 |
| Nivolumab versus everolimus (CheckMate-025) | Phase III | R/R mRCC | 821 | MedOS: Nivo 25 months versus. Eve 19.6 (HR=0.73, p=0.002) | 16 |
| Atezolizumab (PCD4989g) | Phase I | R/R mRCC | 70 | ORR 15%; IC1/2/3 18%, IC0 9%; medOS 28.9 months; medPFS 5.6 months | 57 |
CR, complete remission; IC (tumour infiltrating), immune cell; medPFS, median progression-free survival; mRCC, metastatic renal cell carcinoma; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PR, partial remission.