Table 2.

Efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of mRCC

Agent/study	Study phase	Indication	Number of patients	Results	Reference
Ipilimumab	Phase II	R/R mRCC	61	1 mg/kg: ORR 5%; 3 mg/kg: ORR 12.5%	50
Nivolumab	Phase I/II	R/R mRCC	33	ORR 27%	52
Nivolumab	Phase II	R/R mRCC	168	ORR: cohort A 20%; cohort B 22%, cohort C 20%, medOS: A 18.2 months, B 25.5 months, C 24.7 months	53
Nivolumab versus everolimus (CheckMate-025)	Phase III	R/R mRCC	821	MedOS: Nivo 25 months versus. Eve 19.6 (HR=0.73, p=0.002)	16
Atezolizumab (PCD4989g)	Phase I	R/R mRCC	70	ORR 15%; IC1/2/3 18%, IC0 9%; medOS 28.9 months; medPFS 5.6 months	57

CR, complete remission; IC (tumour infiltrating), immune cell; medPFS, median progression-free survival; mRCC, metastatic renal cell carcinoma; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PR, partial remission.