Figure 2.
Oesophageal and gastric pressure responses to expulsive manoeuvres. All statistical tests Mann-Whitney test. *Results are statistically significant (p<0.05). (A) Maximal oesophageal pressures (Poes) achieved by expulsive manoeuvres. Pressure was significantly higher for chair thrust (p=0.008) but did not differ between conventional upthrust Heimlich, circumferential abdominal thrust or self-administered autoabdominal thrust. (B) Maximal gastric pressures were significantly higher in chair thrust compared with Heimlich manoeuvres (p=0.004). The outlier autoabdominal thrust data point in (B) corresponds to the participant (MH) who had performed an abdominal thrust on himself described in case 2 (see online supplement).