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. 2017 Feb 14;9(5):1341–1350. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx025

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� The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4.— — Higher fraction of parallel substitutions between closely related species. Horizontal axis, distance between branches carrying the substitutions, measured in numbers of amino acid substitutions per site (split into bins by log₂(distance)). Vertical axis, P/D ratios for substitutions at this distance. Black line, mean; grey confidence band, 95% CI obtained from 1,000 bootstrapping replicates. The red line shows the expected P/D ratio of 1. Arrows represent the distance between human and Drosophila.