FIG 3.

The absence of TRAF6 inhibits the phosphorylation of MAPKs, the activation of NF-κB, and the phosphorylation of STAT3 upon S. Typhimurium infection. (A and B) Infected cells were analyzed by Western blotting with antibodies against MAPKs and IκBα (A) or against STAT3 and the phosphorylated forms of STAT3 (pY705 and pS727) (B). Tubulin was detected as a loading control. (C) Quantification of the fold activation of STAT3-pY705 and STAT3-pS727 (relative to levels in uninfected cells). Values are means (± SD) for three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) from the values for Traf6^+/+ cells as determined by Student's t test.