Ability of C. muridarum with or without mutations in tc0668 and/or tc0237 to colonize the mouse GI tract following intragastric inoculation. Wild-type (G13.32.1, n = 5, panels a and b) or mutant (G40.50.2, n = 5, panels c and d; G13.11.1, n = 5, panels e and f; G28.51.1, n = 5, panels g and j) C. muridarum organisms were inoculated intragastrically into female C57BL/6J mice at 2 × 105 IFUs (panels a to h) or 1 × 107 IFUs (panels i and j) per mouse. At various time points postinoculation, as indicated on the x axis, rectal (left panels) and vaginal (right panels) swabs were taken for titration of live C. muridarum organisms. The recovery of live organisms is expressed as log10 IFUs per swab, as displayed on the y axis. Note that C. muridarum organisms with single mutations in either tc0237 (G40.50.2) or tc0668 (G13.11.1) developed significantly delayed/reduced courses of shedding from the mouse GI tract at an inoculation dose of 1 × 105 IFUs per mouse (panels c or e; *, P < 0.05, area under the curve or individual time points, Wilcoxon rank sum test), while the double mutant (G28.51.1) failed to shed any detectable live organisms even at an inoculation dose of 1 × 107 IFUs per mouse (panel I; P < 0.01, area under the curve, Wilcoxon rank sum test). No significant live organisms were detected in any of the vaginal swabs.